Many men of the 51st Highland Division were to become POWs or Prisoners of War after the surrender of the Division at St. Valery in June 1940. Those captured would spend the next 5 years interred in POW camps or Stalags across Poland and Germany, not seeing release until the end of the war in 1945.
1. [ pow ]
Corporal Jack Kidd's personal accounts of joining the Division in 1938, the surrender at St. Valery 1940, the journey into captivity as a WWII POW and the final forced 'Death March' or 'Thousand mile march' in 1945 as the German Guards retreated.
2. [ pow ]
Corp. Jack Kidd's experience from joining the Territorial Army in January 1938 to his capture at St. Valéry-en-caux in June 1940.
3. [ pow ]
The story of Gunner Henry Owens - from his volunteering in 1939, through the capture at St Valéry, to life as a POW and finally the long march back from East Prussia into Germany, from where he was finally repatriated in 1945. It includes photos and copies of original documents as well as extracts from personal letters of the time.
4. [ pow ]
From Henry Owens' volunteering in 1939 to his capture at St. Valery in 1940
5. [ pow ]
This journal was kindly provided by Tim Lazenby and is the account written by his grandfather, Gunner Daniel Stevens 788254. It describes the retreat to St Valery and surrender of British troops on 12th June 1940 and the movement of the prisoners of war from St Valery to Thorm in Poland. The diary returns to thoughts of home and loved ones and the sense of exhaustion in recounting these memories is evident.
6. [ history ]
General Fortune considered all the options, a counter attack, further resistance, retaking the town but against this there was no possibility of evacuation or support, the men were exhausted and virtually out of ammunition, with no artillery ammunition at all. Shortly before 1000hrs on the 12th June General fortune took the most difficult of decisions - to surrender...
7. [ pow ]
While part of the 51st Highland Division, Ark Force, escaped capture at St Valéry and returned with the reformed 51st Highland Division to continue the war in North Africa and Europe for many their war would continue in captivity for the next five years...
8. [ pow ]
Johnnie Matheson retells the story of his five escape attempts from POW camps between 1940 - 1945.
He walked into wartime captivity with a haversack full of looted French franc notes of doubtful value from a bombed bank in St Valery - and more than five years later drove across a war-torn Europe heading for his Highland home in a brand new BMW car festooned with American stars and stripes, and a legitimate fortune in pounds sterling in his pocket.
9. [ pow ]
Personal account of the march into POW captivity by Henry Owens, 1940
10. [ pow ]
Corporal Jack Kidd's personal accounts of the journey into captivity from 12th June 1940 at St. Valéry, through Belgium, Holland and onto Thorne in Poland.
11. [ pow ]
Henry Owens recalls the POW Camps he was held in from 1940 - 1945
12. [ pow ]
Corp. Jack Kidd recalls his POW processing at Thorne, Polland, Summer/Autumn 1940
14. [ pow ]
Henry Owens describes life and forced labour at Stalag XXa Camp 52, Gorsdorf, Poland. 1940 - 1942
15. [ pow ]
Henry Owens describes Stalag XXb, Marienburg 1942 - 1944
16. [ pow ]
Henry Owens describes Stalag XXb, Camp 946 and Camp 210 at Elbing, East Prussia between 1944 - 1945
17. [ pow ]
In late 1944, as the Russian advanced, the Germans evacuated the prisoner of war camps to prevent the liberation of the prisoners by the Russians. This resulted in more than 80,000 allied prisoners being marched west from Poland through Germany and Czechoslovakia through the first four months of 1945. Many did not survive...
18. [ pow ]
Henry Owens describes the 1000 mile forced march that would become known as the 'Death March', January - May 1945.
19. [ pow ]
Henry Owens reflects on his captivity and his opinions of his war
20. [ memorials ]
The Memorial at Stalag XXb, Marienburg (now Malbork) unveiled in September 2009
21. [ memorials ]
Memorial Stone and inscription to the fallen of the 51st Highland Division at St. Valéry-en-caux
22. [ memorials ]
Dedication of the path up the cliff from of Veules-les-Roses to Captain Derek Lang. The path was opened by Sarah Hunt, daughter of Sir Derek, in June 2015
1. [ account ]
A personal account by Major E.R.C. Walker, R.A.M.C. dealing with the Medical History of 500 British Wounded Prisoners of War from June 1940 to June 1941
2. [ account ]
Extract from POW diary, written by Edward Gorder Rankmore, A Company, 2nd Battalion of the Seaforth Highlanders. This extract concerns the
The first extract pertains to 12-20 June 1940 and recounts his attempt to get away by a small boat with a party of Frenchmen and an Englishman who was wounded.
The journal goes on to detail his escape and capture 26-29 Nov 1940.
3. [ account ]
Major General Rennie's address at St. Valéry on 3rd September 1944 after the return of the 51st Highland Division to St. Valéry.
4. [ extract ]
Extract from "The Story of the 51st Highland Division Signals - June 1944 to July 1945" covering the German surrender at Ringstedt, 7-12th May 1945.
1. [ photo ]
German prisoners counted in from Beaumont Hamel, captured by the 51st (Highland) Division on 13th November 1916.
2. [ photo ]
Corporal Jack Kidd, Prisoner of War after the 51HD were forced to surrender at St. Valery.
3. [ photo ]
Henry Owens was a Gunner Artificer, RA. He joined up in June 1939. He was captured at St. Valéry in 1940 and spent the next five years as a POW before being liberated in May 1945.
5. [ photo ]
Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders.
The date of this portrait photograph is unknown but it is assumed to have been taken in late 1939 as Knox went to France as part of the B.E.F. and was later captured at St. Valery in June 1940.
6. [ photo ]
We were sent several photographs of George Watt Drummond by his Niece (Beth Marshall). This photograph appears to have been taken before George left for France in 1939 with 4th Black Watch, as part of the B.E.F.
8. [ photo ]
The reverse of this photograph is a postcard on which is written "Taken on Sunday Afternoon, 5-5-1940" with a postal address processed by the Army Post Office B.E.F.
Harry would be captured a few weeks later at St. Valery.
9. [ photo ]
Major General V M Fortune, GOC [General Commanding Officer] 51st Highland Division (right), with General Major Erwin Rommel at St. Valéry after the surrender of the 51st Division to Rommel's 7th Panzer Division (12th June 1940)
11. [ photo ]
Photograph from the Nazi propaganda magazine 'Signal', showing Highland Division POWs taken at Veules les Rose, east of St. Valery. Colin Hunter, 4th Camerons' Intelligence Officer, is in the centre right of the picture with a bandaged eye and Captain Derek Lang, with half his face visible, is at the extreme right.
12. [ photo ]
Newspaper Clipping on Henry Owens from his home town reporting him as 'missing'.
13. [ photo ]
Corp. Jack Kidd's hand-tapped prisoner of War ID tags. The location of the POW camp is marked on one side as 'Thorn' which is located in Poland
14. [ photo ]
This photo was sent to us by Russel Gatehouse along with 3 others that all belonged to his Father, Corporal John Cuthbert Gatehouse, RASC.
The photo's annotation reads "1940,3 NCO,51ST High.Div"
John was captured at St. Valery in June 1940 and is known to have been held at Stalag XXI B POW camp in Schubin in 1940. The 3 other photos have been annotated with references to Schubin but the location of this photo is not known.
15. [ photo ]
This photo was sent to us by Russel Gatehouse along with 3 others that all belonged to his Father, Corporal John Cuthbert Gatehouse, RASC.
The annotation reads "Huts being built for French officers,Schubin 1940"
John was captured at St. Valery in June 1940 and is known to have been held at Stalag XXI B POW camp in Schubin in 1940.
16. [ photo ]
This photo was sent to us by Russel Gatehouse along with 3 others that all belonged to his Father, Corporal John Cuthbert Gatehouse, RASC.
The photo's annotation simply reads "Schubin Village, 1940"
Schubin was the location of Stalag XXI B POW camp which John was held from 1940.
17. [ photo ]
This is a scan of the letter Henry Owens' Mother received officially notifying her of her son's (Henry Owens) capture and status as a POW. Dated 4th September 1940.
18. [ photo ]
German and British Men attending a funeral.
Date and deceased unknown. Officially annotated with No. 1499, making this one of the earliest in the collection of catalogued photos belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
19. [ photo ]
Men from Stalag IX-C POW Camp.
Date unknown. Annotated with No. 1012, making this the earliest of the officially catalogued photos in the collection of photos belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders.
20. [ photo ]
This photograph was one of several sent to us by Beth Marshall, the niece of George Watt Drummond (pictured 3rd left, middle).
It is not clear which of the three camps that George was held within is pictured here. George spent time in Stalag XXIA (Schildberg, Poland), Stalag IVC in Wistritz, Sudetenland, (now Czech Republic) and Stalag VIIIB (Lamsdorf, Poland - renamed Stalag 344 during 1943).
21. [ photo ]
This photograph was sent to us by the niece of George Drummond (4th Black Watch) who was captured at St. Valery in June 1940. Drummond is picture top right.
It is not clear which of the three camps that George was held in is pictured here. George spent time in Stalag XXIA (Schildberg, Poland), Stalag IVC in Wistritz, Sudetenland, (now Czech Republic) and Stalag VIIIB (Lamsdorf, Poland - renamed Stalag 344 during 1943).
22. [ photo ]
This group photo of men in a POW camp was sent to us by the niece of one of the men picture (George Drummond, 4th Black Watch).
It is not clear which of the three camps that George was held within is pictured here. George spent time in Stalag XXIA (Schildberg, Poland), Stalag IVC in Wistritz, Sudetenland, (now Czech Republic) and Stalag VIIIB (Lamsdorf, Poland - renamed Stalag 344 during 1943).
23. [ photo ]
Henry Owens (far left) clearing ice in a work gang at Stalag XXa, Camp 52, Gorsdorf, Poland.
24. [ photo ]
Henry Owens (far left) clearing snow as forced labour whilst at Stalag XXa Camp 52, Gorsdorf, Poland.
25. [ photo ]
Men boxing in a POW camp.
This photograph was sent to us with several others taken of George Watt Drummond (right) whilst in a POW camp. It is not clear which of the three camps that George was held within is pictured here. George spent time in Stalag XXIA (Schildberg, Poland), Stalag IVC in Wistritz, Sudetenland, (now Czech Republic) and Stalag VIIIB (Lamsdorf, Poland - renamed Stalag 344 during 1943).
26. [ photo ]
This photos includes Pte. Harry Knox, centre, bottom row, sitting behind shield or plaque.
The date is unknown, however, we know it is Christmas time as the pine tree behind the group has Christmas decorations and candles hanging from it.
The photo is annotated with a marker No. 1751 and is part of the officially catalogued photos in the collection belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
27. [ photo ]
Believed to be of a POW Boxing team from Stalag IX-C.
The date is unknown, however, we know it is Christmas time as the bushes in the background our covered in white frost and the pine tree has Christmas decorations and candles hanging from it.
The photo is annotated with a marker No. 1749 and is part of the officially catalogued photos in the collection belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
28. [ photo ]
This photo shows men from Stalag IX-C POW Camp forming a Jazz Band called "Robbies Rialto Swingers".
The date is unknown, however, we know it is Christmas time as the bushes in the background our covered in white frost and the pine tree has Christmas decorations and candles hanging from it.
The photo is annotated with a marker No. 1748 and is part of the officially catalogued photos in the collection belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
29. [ photo ]
This photo shows men from Stalag IX-C as part of a POW Jazz Band performing on an outdoor stage.
The date is unknown, however, the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 1768) and is part of the officially catalogued photos in the collection belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
The marker number places it close to other photos in the collection which indicate this was taken at Christmas time.
30. [ photo ]
The date is unknown, however, we know it is Christmas time due to the large Christmas tree in the background.
The photo is annotated with a marker No. 1761 and is part of the officially catalogued photos in the collection belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
31. [ photo ]
Henry Owens at Work Camp No.52, Gorsdorf, 1942. Henry notes that this photograph was "a propaganda picture taken by the German authorities for a German magazine. The British uniforms were given to us for the photograph and were promptly taken back. A German guard took a couple of photographs for us, showing the real situation."
32. [ photo ]
These are believed to be British POWs from Stalag IX-C.
The photo is annotated with a marker No. 2038 and is part of the officially catalogued photos in the collection belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
33. [ photo ]
A veteran of the First World War, Victor Fortune had been commissioned in 1903 and he had commanded 1st Battalion The Black Watch in 1916. He commanded 1st Seaforths in 1927 and took command of the 5th Infantry brigade in 1930. He commanded the 52nd (Lowland) Division in 1935 and took command of the Highland Division in 1937.
When the Division surrendered at St.Valéry General Fortune went into captivity, refusing to be repatriated after a stroke in 1944. He returned when the prisoners were liberated and retired from the Army and died on 2nd January 1949.
34. [ photo ]
1942, J.Matheson, Stalag 9c (Johnnie Matheson is marked as top row, second from left.)
35. [ photo ]
A hand drawn sketch map (presumed to be by Henry Owens) showing the layout of Stalag XXb, Marienburg (some time between 1942 - 1944).
36. [ photo ]
POWs performing a comedy sketch of couples walking out with POWs playing both Male and Female roles on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2172) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
37. [ photo ]
POWs performing a "Cowboys & Indians" sketch on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2163) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
38. [ photo ]
This appears to be the second curtain call from an evening of sketchs performed on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2168) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945, and appears as Stan Laurel in one of the sketches.
39. [ photo ]
This photo is thought to capture a 'Curtain Call' from a POW show at Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2167) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
Harry appears within this photo standing directly under the letter 'C', dressed as Stan Laurel. He also appears in a photo of that sketch.
40. [ photo ]
A curtain call from a comedy sketch night on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2174) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
41. [ photo ]
POWs performing a "Cycling" sketch on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2164) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
42. [ photo ]
POWs performing a "Domestic" sketch on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2176) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
43. [ photo ]
This appears to be the final curtain call of a comedy sketch show on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2181) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945, and actually features Harry (3rd from left) dressed as Stan Laurel.
44. [ photo ]
POW Jazz Band stand from Stalag IX-C, Germany. The centre piece reads "The Yacht Club Boys" on a stage shaped as a ship given the name "Lady Blighty".
The date is unknown. The photo is annotated with a marker No. 2159 and is part of the officially catalogued photos in the collection belonging to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
45. [ photo ]
This photo is of Pte. Harry Knox himself playing Stan Laurel in a Laurel & Hardy sketch on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2177) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
46. [ photo ]
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2179) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
47. [ photo ]
POWs performing a comedy sketch about the British Red Cross on an outdoor stage in Stalag IX-C, Germany.
The date is unknown but the photo is annotated with a marker (No. 2171) and forms part of a series of photos from a night of comedy sketches performed by POWs. The collection belonged to Pte. Harry Knox, Gordon Highlanders, who was a POW at Stalag IX-C from 1940 - 1945.
48. [ photo ]
This photo was sent to us by Russel Gatehouse along with 3 others that all belonged to his Father, Corporal John Cuthbert Gatehouse, RASC.
The photo's annotation reads "Summer 1944 Stalag 383, JCG cutting hair" and is therefore thought to show John (JCG).
John was captured at St. Valery in June 1940 and is thought to have been held at Stalag XXI B POW camp in Schubin, Poland from 1940 until being moved to Stalag 383 nr. Hohenfals, Germany in 1944.
49. [ photo ]
Map of the principle camps for British and Dominion prisoners of war in Europe. The following corrections (dated 30.8.44) were attached to the original map:Stalag Luft IV in Tychow (G.3) now forms part of Stalag Luft III at Sagan (F.5). Stalag Luft VI, Stalag XXX D and Stalag 357 have been closed.
50. [ photo ]
The marking (green) shows the route taken my Henry Owens during the forced 1000 mile march of January - May 1945.
51. [ photo ]
This "Free leave to travel" form was issued on 26th April 1945 to Pte. Harry Knox whilst at a "Reception Camp" established just outside London, setup to receive men liberated from POW camps by Allied forces.
52. [ photo ]
May 1945. J.Matheson in US uniform with new (German) BMW. An American star is painted on the body work and an American Flag is attached to help identify the vehicle as 'friendly' to Allied forces.
53. [ photo ]
Care of the IWM, with kind permission.
Caption reads "While British and German officers talk in the road, the pipes of the 7th Argyles' go swinging by."
Taken by Sgt. Johnson. 7.5.45. Occupation of Bremerhaven.
54. [ photo ]
From the IWM Collection, with kind permission.
Caption reads "Lorry loads of German prisoners on their way to the cages."
Taken by Sgt. Johnson. 7.5.45. Occupation of Bremerhaven.
55. [ photo ]
Pte. Harry Knox sent this telegram home to Mrs Knox announcing his imminent arrival home after more than five years away. The postmark places it on 8th May 1945, VE Day.
The telegram is sent from Berkhamsted, the train station only a few miles from No. 91 Reception Camp at Amersham, where Harry had been stationed after being liberated from a German POW camp by Allied forces.
56. [ photo ]
This is a photo of the letter, dated 19th May 1945, given to Johnnie Matheson by US Army Capt. Judson B. De Loach to help explain how he came to be in possession of US Army Shirt, Helmet and Boots, in addition to a confiscated German BMW "bearing the American Flag"...
57. [ photo ]
This window shows the harbour inlet and town of St. Valéry within an aerial landscape incorporating the surrounding countryside which was involved in the action of 1940, together with the abrupt division by the cliffs between it and the sea which were both of extreme significance to the events of the time.
58. [ photo ]
This memorial window, dedicated in June 1990, is a gift from the highland cities and towns of Scotland and commemorates fifty years of their special association with the people and township of St. Valéry en Caux with Inverness which began in the difficult circumstances of 1940 when the German army converged on the town and the combined allied forces comprising the French 9 St Corps and the 51st Highland Division.
59. [ photo ]
General Lang (centre right / with cane) with POW Veterans at the Highland Division Monument during the 60th Anniversary of the 1940 St. Valery Battle. Dr Tom Renouf is on General Lang’s right shoulder - very much his right hand man and natural successor.
60. [ photo ]
Memorial on the site of Stalag XXB, Marienburg. Kindly sent by Andrzej Gilewski, a resident of Malbork (previously known as Marienburg).
61. [ photo ]
Memorial on the site of Stalag XXB, Marienburg. Kindly sent by Andrzej Gilewski, a resident of Malbork (previously known as Marienburg).
62. [ photo ]
51st Highland Division Memorial at St. Valéry. The inscription reads "In proud and grateful memory of all ranks of the 51st (Highland) Division who gave their lives during the war 1939-45"